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General Chemistry
EF+EB 2016 . 2017 - 1º semestre
syllabus and bibliography 1. Introduction:
1.1. Definition of Chemistry as a discipline; Brief review of the history of ideas in Chemistry ? the Law of Conservation of Matter; the Law of Defined Proportions; the Atomic Theory (Dalton); 1.2. Definitiions of Matter and its states; physical properties and chemical properties; Units; 2. Composition of matter: 2.1. Review of the concepts that led to our present understanding of atomic structure; 2.2. Development of the "Aufbau Prinzip" ? Quantum Theory and the Bohr atom; subatomic particles as electromagnetic waves; the Wave Equation; the Uncertainty Principle; the Duality Principle; the Exclusion Principle; Hund's Rule; 2.3. Geometry of atomic orbitals; the "Valence Shell"; ?Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion?; Hybridization of atomic orbitals; 2.4. The Periodic Table; Classification of the elements in Periods and Groups; Isotopes; the Concept of electronegativity; Oxidation states; Ions; 2.5. Formation of molecular orbitals and chemical bonding; 3. Prioperties of Matter: 3.1. Polarity as a molecular property; Intermolecular interactions; 3.2. The gas phase ? properties e behaviour, Equation of State; Ideal and Non-ideal gases; the Kinetic-Molecular Theory of gases; 3.3. The Liquid Phase ? Properties and behaviour, liquids as solvents; 3.4. The solid phase ? properties and behaviour, types of solids and crystallinity; 4. Chemical Thermodynamics: 4.1. Thermochemistry; Internal Energy and Enthalpy, Hess' Law, The First Law of Thermodynamics; 4.2. Entropy and Absolute Entropy (Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics); 4.3. Reversible and Irreversible Processes; Chemical Equilibrium and factors that affect it; the Le Chatelier Principle; Introduction to phase equilibria; 4.4. Free Energy and its relation to chemical equilibrium. 5. Solutions: 5.1. Formation of solutions, solvation, solubility of solids and gases in líquids; equilibrium in solutions; 5.2. Colligative properties; Osmosis; 5.3. Solutions of electrolytes and non-electrolytes, Conductivity, Activity and concentration; 5.4. Acids, bases and buffers; pH, Acid-base titration; 6. Chemical Kinetics: 6.1. Reaction rates; Reaction order and mechanism, Molecularity; Reactions of the 1st., 2nd., and pseudo-1st. order; 6.2. The Arrhenius Law; Activated State Theory; Methods of study in Chemical Kinetics; 6.3. Genera princíples of chemical catalysis. 7. Oxidation-Reduction and Electrochemistry: 7.1. Oxidation-reduction reactions; Electrode potencials and the Nernst equation; 7.2. The electrochemical series and its uses; 7.3. Electrochemical cells (galvanic and electrolytic), Electrodes; Reference electrodes; 7.4. Electrolysis; the Faraday Law. Bibliography of reference R. Chang, e K. Goldsby, CHEMISTRY, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 11th. edition, 2012. ISBN-10: 00713117872
É recomendado que o aluno possua uma cópia deste livro (ou de uma das suas anteriores edições) para contínua referência e estudo particular a acompanhar as aulas. It is recommended that each student posses a copy of this textbook for continuous reference and individual study that accompanies the lectures.
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